The expression of the acotapks, acotanrps, and laea ota related genes was. These mycotoxins occur naturally in the environment and thereby commonly contaminate foodfeed. Pdf on dec 9, 2015, daniel lerda and others published ochratoxins. Physiological relationship between food preservatives, environmental factors, ochratoxin and otapkspv gene expression by penicillium verrucosum. Rnaseq reveals otarelated gene transcriptional changes. Two members of the velvet family, vmvea and vmvelb, affect conidiation, virulence and pectinase expression in valsa mali yuxing wu1,liangshengxu1, zhiyuan. A rapid and sensitive direct competitive fluorescence enzyme immunoassay dcfeia for ochratoxin a ota based on a nanobody nbalkaline phosphatase ap fusion protein was developed. P52 isoepoxydon dehydrogenase idh gene expression and patulin production. The first part of the gene cluster is located on a dna fragment of 10 kb in length and harbours three genes.
Glutathione was quantified by luminometry and gene expression of nrf2 and ogg1 was determined by qpcr. Gene expression of nrf2 and its target genes ho1, gshpx, glrx2, mnsod, and cat was. However, sey improved the antioxidant defense system through activation of the nrf2keap1 signaling pathway. Resveratrol, a phytoalexin, possesses anticancer and antioxidant properties. Biosynthetic gene expression in regulatory gene knockout mutants. Modulation of nuclear factor e2related 2mediated gene expression in mice liver and small intestine by cancer chemopreventive agent. Detection of aflatoxins by hplc and the expression of biosynthetic. Primers used to monitor the expression of survivin and cytokine genes in reverse. Gene expression profiling was performed from 100 ng. In this study, rats were gavaged with ota for different weeks.
Ochratoxin a is known to occur in commodities such as cereals, coffee, dried. Description of substance ochratoxin a ota is a mycotoxin produced mainly by aspergillus molds such as aspergillus ochraceus and penicillium molds such as penicillium. In gene expression analysis, stimulation of the biosynthetic genes was observed a. Whenever gene expression is being examined, it is essential that a normalization process is carried out to eliminate nonbiological variations. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Comparative analyses of predicted genomic, cdna and amino acid sequences were performed with sequences of similar gene functions. Protein expression of nrf2, lonp1, sirt3, and psirt1 was assessed by western. The intestinal microbiota has critical importance in liver inflammation. Effect of ochratoxin a on toxicity and gene expression in. Cytokines are proteins secreted by cells of innate and acquired immunity, produced in response to various antigens and responsible for mediating several function of these cells. Performance, intestinal permeability, and gene expression. Ochratoxin a ota was first described in 1965, and it is one of the most important mycotoxins heussner et al.
Clustered array of ochratoxin a biosynthetic genes in aspergillus steynii and their. In vitro effect of ochratoxin a and deoxynivalenol on the. Essential oils modulate gene expression and ochratoxin a. Request pdf on aug 6, 2015, jessica gilserna a and others published clustered array of ochratoxin a biosynthetic genes in aspergillus steynii and their expression patterns in permissive. The phytoalexin resveratrol ameliorates ochratoxin a. Ochratoxin a ota is a mycotoxin harmful for animals and humans.
A gene with high homology to an alkaline serine protease gene accession number ay557343, which represents the upstream border of the cluster. To explore possible genetic targets to control ota contamination, we have. Ochratoxin a induces apoptosis in neuronal cells genes. Genomic diversity in ochratoxigenic and non ochratoxigenic. Aspergillus carbonarius is the main responsible for ota contamination of grapes and derived products. The affinity for the hippocampus could be relevant to.
Ota also decreased the expression of other genes involved. Ochratoxin a was found to cause an alteration of gene expression that resulted in affecting. Functional characterization of new polyketide synthase genes involved in ochratoxin a biosynthesis in aspergillus ochraceus fc1 article pdf available in toxins 78. Pdf a polyketide synthase gene requied for ochratoxin a.
Ochratoxin a is the most prevalent and relevant fungal toxin of this group, while ochratoxins b and c are of lesser importance. A gene cluster of the ochratoxin a biosynthetic genes. In silico sequence analysis of pks gene of ochratoxin a. Here, we describe the nature and function of a novel nonproteincoding transcript, named wisp1as1, discovered in human renal proximal tubule cells exposed to the carcinogenic nephrotoxin. Elisabeth limbeck university of wuerzburg linking site specific loss of histone acetylation to.
Susca a, proctor rh, morelli m, haidukowski m, gallo a, logrieco af and moretti a 2016 variation in fumonisin and ochratoxin production associated with differences in biosynthetic gene. Both the wildtype wt strain and regulatory gene mutants were cultured for 6 days. The phytoalexin resveratrol ameliorates ochratoxin a toxicity in human embryonic kidney hek293 cells. Papaya fruits extracts enhance the antioxidant capacity. Among the different mycotoxins, aflatoxin b1 has been reported as the highest. The phylogenetic relationship using the maximum likelihood also suggests very little to high similarities among the studied isolates. Development of a nanobodyalkaline phosphatase fusion. Ochratoxin a also was found in peas and beans from sweden at 442. Ochratoxin a and ochratoxinproducing fungi on cereal grain in china. Abstract ochratoxin a ota is a natural fungal secondary metabolite that contaminates food.
Clustered array of ochratoxin a biosynthetic genes in. Seleniumenriched probiotics improve antioxidant status. All the results obtained in these analyseswere consistent and. Ochratoxin a ota is a widespread mycotoxin and induces liver inflammation to human and various species of animals. Ochratoxin a has a strong affinity for the brain, especially the cerebellum purkinje cells, ventral mesencephalon, and hippocampal structures. Pdf heterologous expression and characterization of a. Effects of different mycotoxins on humans, cell genome and their. Gene expression was monitored at the same time points, along with fungal biomass and ota accumulation at three, six and nine days of incubation. Article mycotoxin producers in the aspergillus genus. Request pdf on dec 1, 2015, mohamed hassan and others published detection of aflatoxins by hplc and the expression of biosynthetic nor1 gene of aflatoxin and ocra gene of ochratoxin find. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of threeweeks ochratoxin a ota exposure on some lipid peroxidation parameters, reduced glutathione concentration and glutathioneperoxidase.
Carcinogenic doses of ochratoxin a ota cause increases of mutant frequencies mfs of the redgam gene spi. This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of seleniumenriched probiotics sp on growth performance, antioxidant status, immune function, and selenoprotein gene expression of piglets under. The mycotoxin ochratoxin a ota, which is produced by aspergillus and penicillium subspecies, is a frequently present contaminant of food and feedstuffs. The gene expression assays in the present study revealed no effect of gln on any of the selected tight junctions except a reduction in mrna level of jejunal claudin1. Ochratoxin a is hydrolyzed by the intestinal microflora into nontoxic compounds 7carboxy5chloro8hydroxy3,4dihydro3rmethylisocoumarin ochratoxin alpha and phenylalanine. A putative ochratoxin a ota biosynthetic gene cluster inp. Selenium yeast alleviates ochratoxin ainduced apoptosis. A polyketide synthase gene requied for ochratoxin a biosynthesis in aspergillus ochraceus article pdf available in microbiology 149pt 12. Ochratoxin a ota is a nephrotoxic mycotoxin produced by aspergillus and penicillium fungi. Ochratoxins are produced by aspergillus ochraceus and penicil verrucosum, and citrinin is produced by penicillium citrinum. Detection of aflatoxins by hplc and the expression of. The vhh gene of nb28 was subcloned into the expression vector pecan45 containing the ap double.
The mycotoxin ochratoxin a ota is found widely in agricultural commodities. For phenotype and gene expression studies, all utilized strains were cultured on. Longterm effects of ochratoxin a on the glutathione redox. Effects of chronic ochratoxin a exposure on p53 heterozygous and p53 homozygous mice show all authors. Monitoring the temporal expression of genes involved in. From the relative gene expression analysis, it was observed that transcription of all the genes in the nonochratoxigenic strains was significantly downregulated compared to both ota. Essential oils modulate gene expression and ochratoxin a production in aspergillus carbonarius. Role of p53 in the progression from ochratoxin ainduced. These discrepancies in the gene expression data although both housekeeping genes showed to be adequate reference genes to analyse relative expression of the target genes under specific.
Among ochratoxins, ochratoxin a ota occurs with greatest frequency and is the most toxic. Essential oils modulate gene expression and ochratoxin. Ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin found in food that is nephrotoxic and carcinogenic in the kidney and induces differentiation in cloned renal cell lines. Pdf ochratoxin a and its effects on immunity researchgate. Page 4 of 37 the primary objective of this study was to develop a cellbased approach for safety screening of. Heterologous expression and characterization of a novel ochratoxin a degrading enzyme, nacyllamino acid amidohydrolase, from alcaligenes faecalis article pdf available in toxins 119. It contaminates human and animal food products, and chronic exposure is associated with renal fibrosis in humans balkan endemic nephropathy. Two members of the velvet family, vmvea and vmvelb, affect.